Safeguarding vulnerable heritage sites from extreme and erratic weather
by Manu Moudgil
An aerial view of Tabo village in Spiti, with
the monastery visible on the right. Image by Manish Pathak via Wikimedia
Commons (CC
BY-SA 4.0).
- Extreme and erratic weather events are damaging India’s cultural and religious heritage sites.
- The structures are witnessing water seepage, crumbling building materials and the risk of flooding, prompting urgent appeals for protective measures.
- The Archaeological Survey of India is undertaking restoration work at some of the damaged sites.
- The damage affects tourism and the local livelihoods connected to it.
Monks at the 11th century Tabo Monastery in Himachal Pradesh’s Spiti Valley have written to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), seeking urgent protection from the increasing number of cloudbursts in the arid, cold desert region. They have asked for protective roofing, early warning systems and improved drainage to prevent water from entering and damaging the mural-lined interiors of the monument.
Lama Kunga, a monk at the monastery, in conversation with Mongabay India, said that given the fragile nature of the 1,000-year-old structure and the rise in frequency and intensity of rainfall, immediate interventions are crucial. “We feel that a retractable protective roofing and improved drainage infrastructure are immediately required to avert any potential calamity,” he said.
“The structure and the murals have already sustained some damage because of water seepage from cracks in the ceiling whenever there is heavy rain. The wooden beams and pillars are rotting while some of the walls have swollen due to moisture.”
Centuries-old cultural landmarks at risk
The Tabo Monastery, established in 996 AD, is revered for its religious manuscripts, mud-brick architecture and ancient murals. However, the cold desert region of Spiti has been increasingly facing higher temperatures, retreating glaciers and erratic rainfall. In July 2023, it received a third of seasonal rain in a single day. In 2024, there were multiple instances of cloudbursts and associated flash floods in the Pin Valley and Shichling area, approximately 30 kilometres from the monastery. These incidents led to loss of life and property, washed away bridges and disrupted access routes.
In the letter to the ASI, the monks requested immediate action to prevent further damage to the monastery during the monsoon. They also sought long-term permanent measures, including improved drainage, structural assessment of the monastery’s heritage structure, and installation of early warning and weather monitoring systems. In response to the letter, the ASI officials who visited the site agreed to take on the conservation work.
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